Epidemiological analysis of cancer mortality in the State of Goiás between 2015 and 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth resulting from the transformation of normal cells into malignant ones, constituting a relevant public health problem. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of mortality due to neoplasms in the state of Goiás, Brazil, from 2015 to 2024. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study conducted using secondary data from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by DATASUS. All deaths by place of residence in the state of Goiás with the underlying cause classified in Chapter II of the ICD-10 (Neoplasms), occurring between 2015 and 2024 and involving individuals of all age groups, were included. The variables analyzed were year of death, sex, age group, education level, marital status, race/color, place of occurrence, health macroregion, and neoplasm groups. Data were analyzed descriptively using tables and graphs. Results: During the analyzed period, 68,385 deaths due to neoplasms were recorded in Goiás, showing an increasing trend over the historical series. There was a predominance of males and a higher concentration of deaths among individuals aged 60 years or older. The main causes of death were neoplasms of the digestive organs and of the respiratory and intrathoracic system, followed by breast neoplasms and neoplasms of the genital organs. Deaths were more concentrated in the most populous macroregions of the state, with a predominance of hospital deaths and individuals with low educational attainment. Conclusion: Cancer mortality in Goiás showed progressive growth, associated with population aging, sociodemographic inequalities, and the organization of the health care network.