NEONATAL ANOXY

A PREVALENCE STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Anoxia is characterized by the decrease or insufficiency of oxygenation in the blood, which cannot properly supply the metabolic requirements. Neonatal Anoxia is one of the leading causes of death in children under two months of age and its incidence varies from 1 to 1,5% in several centers. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neonatal anoxia in a reference public maternity hospital in Goiânia, Goiás; to identify the clinical profile of the newborns (NBs) affected with neonatal anoxia in both birth routes; to trace the profile of the infants born with anoxia in both birth routes; to determine the most incident risk factors for neonatal anoxia in both birth routes. Methodology: It was analyzed the prevalence and factors related to neonatal anoxia through the data collected in the newborn’s admission form in a municipal maternity hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, from January 2017 to October 2018. Results: In this period, there were 7126 births, among which 36 newborns with Apgar scores from 0 to 5 were found for more than 5 minutes. Newborns younger than 37 weeks accounted for 26,7% in normal deliveries and 71,5% in cesarean deliveries. NBs smaller than 2500g totaled 33,3% in normal deliveries and 62% in cesarean deliveries. In both routes, the male gender was predominant. Urinary tract infection was present in 33,3% of pregnant women who had normal delivery and 38% of those who had cesarean sections. Meconial amniotic fluid was found in 9,5% of normal deliveries and 33% of cesarean. Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal anoxia was 0,5% and is approaching the average of some Brazilian states. It was possible to relate prematurity, male gender, low birth weight, urinary tract infection, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, meconium amniotic fluid and prolonged labor with neonatal asphyxia.