SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND OBSTETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF WOMEN UNDERGOING INTRAPARTUM CESAREAN SECTION IN A PUBLIC MATERNITY HOSPITAL IN GOIÂNIA

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, delivery and birth assistance is permeated by excesses of obstetric and neonatal interventions in a routine and indiscriminate manner, resulting in unfavorable perinatal outcomes. For example, cesarean section or obstetric delivery, considered an intervention procedure that aims to ensure the safety of the mother and the fetus. It consists of a medical surgical act, through an incision of the abdominal and uterine wall followed by the removal of the fetus and placenta. However, changes have been observed in terms of objectives, indications and complications. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the sociodemographic and obstetric profile of parturients who underwent intrapartum cesarean section. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study, with secondary data collection. RESULTS: This study revealed a prevalence of women who underwent intrapartum cesarean section with a mean age of 24.1 years, with a predominance of the age group of 19 to 34 years, which represents 83.1% of the studied population and a small portion (12.4 %) were 18 years old or younger. Most were non-white (48.7%), with an average of 10.2 years of study, without formal work (76%), with low income (57.3%) and who lived without a partner (76.4%) , as stated in the registration form and Declaration of Live Birth attached to the physical record. It is worth noting that 48.3% of women belonged to the surrounding cities, given that the maternity in question is a reference for the State of Goiás in maternal and child care. Regarding the obstetric profile, most women were between 37 weeks and 40 weeks and 6 days old, characterizing term pregnancy. Also, 84% of them had prenatal care, in which 66.6% attended 6 times or more. Regarding parity, there was a prevalence of primiparous women, that is, women experiencing their first pregnancy. Although 86.5% of women received some non-pharmacological method that facilitates labor, such as bathing in warm water, Swiss ball, and freedom of deambulation, 46.1% were exposed to intravenous oxytocin. In the study, 78 (87.6%) of the newborns were born with an Apgar of 1 minute of life greater than or equal to 7 and 11 (12.4%) with Apgar less than 7. It is noteworthy that the majority of women in this study did not present comorbidities, totaling 71.9% of the studied sample. CONCLUSION: There was a prevalence of women aged between 19 and 34 years old, the majority being non-white, with an average of 10.2 years of study, without formal work, low income and who lived without partner, concluding that the unfavorable socioeconomic level, low education and marital instability appear related to cesarean indications. Regarding the obstetric profile, it was possible to observe that most were in term pregnancy, attended prenatal care, had no comorbidities and that there was a greater indication in primiparous women. The prevalence of indications for intrapartum cesarean section was the progression arrest.